Installing, Step by Step. Booting and Starting the Installer. ![]() Once the BIOS has begun booting from the CD- or DVD- ROM, the Isolinux bootloader menu appears. At this stage, the Linux kernel is not yet loaded; this menu allows you to choose the kernel to boot and enter possible parameters to be transferred to it in the process. If the DVD- ROM is a “Multi- arch” disk, and the machine has an Intel or AMD 6. Debian is an ideal solution for servers. Stability is the main advantage of Debian. At the same time the stable Debian version doesn't contain the most recent packages. Guide covering how to install Logitech MediaServer (formerly called Squeezebox Server, SqueezeCenter and before that Slimserver) on Ubuntu Trusty Tahr 14.04LTS, Lucid. Fresh installs of LinuxCNC are most easily created using the Live/Install Image. This is a hybrid ISO filesystem image that can be written to a USB storage device or. Debian; MINT; Arch and. How to Install Debian. Debian is an operating system based on the GNU/Linux build. The Debian operating system, like most other Linux distributions, is free and open. In practice, the 6. RAM that new computers tend to have. The “Help” menu entry displays the old command line interface, where the F1 to F1. You will rarely need to use this option except in very specific cases. Be careful, this very verbose mode can be confusing due to the multitude of configuration choices that it offers. Boot screen. Once booted, the installation program guides you step by step throughout the process. This section presents each of these steps in detail. Here we follow the process of an installation from a Multi- Arch DVD- ROM (more specifically, the beta. Jessie); netinst installations, as well as the final release of the installer, may look slightly different. We will also address installation in graphical mode, but the only difference from “classic” (text- mode) installation is in the visual appearance. Selecting the language. The installation program begins in English, but the first step allows the user to choose the language that will be used in the rest of the process. Choosing French, for example, will provide an installation entirely translated into French (and a system configured in French as a result). This choice is also used to define more relevant default choices in subsequent stages (notably the keyboard layout). Selecting the country. The second step consists in choosing your country. Combined with the language, this information enables the program to offer the most appropriate keyboard layout. This will also influence the configuration of the time zone. In the United States, a standard QWERTY keyboard is suggested, and a choice of appropriate time zones is offered. Selecting the keyboard layout. The proposed “American English” keyboard corresponds to the usual QWERTY layout. Detecting Hardware. This step is completely automatic in the vast majority of cases. The installer detects your hardware, and tries to identify the CD- ROM drive used in order to access its content. It loads the modules corresponding to the various hardware components detected, and then “mounts” the CD- ROM in order to read it. The previous steps were completely contained in the boot image included on the CD, a file of limited size and loaded into memory by the BIOS when booting from the CD. However, if detection of the CD- ROM reader fails, the installer offers the choice to load a kernel module (for instance from a USB key) corresponding to the CD- ROM driver. Download the latest version of CentOS. Visit the CentOS mirror site: mirror.centos.org/centos/5/isos/. Choose between 32 bit (i386) or 64 bit (x86 64). We will continue with Debian Software selection as at the moment, only the core of the system is installed. How do you install Google Chrome on Ubuntu? Loading Components. With the contents of the CD now available, the installer loads all the files necessary to continue with its work. This includes additional drivers for the remaining hardware (especially the network card), as well as all the components of the installation program. Detecting Network Hardware. This automatic step tries to identify the network card and load the corresponding module. If automatic detection fails, you can manually select the module to load. If no module works, it is possible to load a specific module from a removable device. This last solution is usually only needed if the appropriate driver is not included in the standard Linux kernel, but available elsewhere, such as the manufacturer's website. Configuring the Network. In order to automate the process as much as possible, the installer attempts an automatic network configuration by DHCP (for IPv. IPv. 6 network discovery. If this fails, it offers more choices: try again with a normal DHCP configuration, attempt DHCP configuration by declaring the name of the machine, or set up a static network configuration. Administrator Password. The super- user root account, reserved for the machine's administrator, is automatically created during installation; this is why a password is requested. The installer also asks for a confirmation of the password to prevent any input error which would later be difficult to amend. Administrator Password. Creating the First User. Debian also imposes the creation of a standard user account so that the administrator doesn't get into the bad habit of working as root. The precautionary principle essentially means that each task is performed with the minimum required rights, in order to limit the damage caused by human error. This is why the installer will ask for the complete name of this first user, their username, and their password (twice, to prevent the risk of erroneous input). Name of the first user. Configuring the Clock. If the network is available, the system's internal clock is updated (in a one- shot way) from an NTP server. This way the timestamps on logs will be correct from the first boot. For them to remain consistently precise over time, an NTP daemon needs to be set up after initial installation (see Section 8. Time Synchronization”). Detecting Disks and Other Devices. This step automatically detects the hard drives on which Debian may be installed. They will be presented in the next step: partitioning. Starting the Partitioning Tool. The partitioning step is traditionally difficult for new users. It is necessary to define the various portions of the disks (or “partitions”) on which the Linux filesystems and virtual memory (swap) will be stored. This task is complicated if another operating system that you want to keep is already on the machine. Indeed, you will then have to make sure that you do not alter its partitions (or that you resize them without causing damage). Choice of partitioning mode. The first screen in the partitioning tool offers the choice of using an entire hard drive to create various partitions. For a (new) computer which will solely use Linux, this option is clearly the simplest, and you can choose the option “Guided - use entire disk”. If the computer has two hard drives for two operating systems, setting one drive for each is also a solution that can facilitate partitioning. In both of these cases, the next screen offers to choose the disk where Linux will be installed by selecting the corresponding entry (for example, “SCSI1 (0,0,0) (sda) - 1. GB ATA VBOX HARDDISK”). You then start guided partitioning. Disk to use for guided partitioning. Guided partitioning can also set up LVM logical volumes instead of partitions (see below). Since the remainder of the operation is the same, we will not go over the option “Guided - use entire disk and set up LVM” (encrypted or not). Guided partitioning. The guided partitioning tool offers three partitioning methods, which correspond to different usages. Guided partitioning. The first method is called “All files in one partition”. The entire Linux system tree is stored in a single filesystem, corresponding to the root / directory. This simple and robust partitioning fits perfectly for personal or single- user systems. In fact, two partitions will be created: the first will house the complete system, the second the virtual memory (swap). It divides the file tree into many partitions: in addition to the root (/) and user accounts (/home/) partitions, it also has partitions for server software data (/var/), and temporary files (/tmp/). These divisions have several advantages. Users can not lock up the server by consuming all available hard drive space (they can only fill up /tmp/ and /home/). The daemon data (especially logs) can no longer clog up the rest of the system. You can, in particular, choose another filesystem if the standard choice (ext. In most cases, however, the proposed partitioning is reasonable and it can be accepted by selecting the “Finish partitioning and write changes to disk” entry. Validating partitioning. Manual Partitioning. Manual partitioning allows greater flexibility, allowing the user to choose the purpose and size of each partition. Furthermore, this mode is unavoidable if you wish to use software RAID. You can select each displayed element; pressing the Enter key then gives a list of possible actions. You can also do this with guided partitioning, which is an interesting solution for a disk that already contains another operating system, but which you may wish to partition for Linux in a standard manner. See Section 4. 2. Guided partitioning” for more details on guided partitioning. Configuring Multidisk Devices (Software RAID). Some types of RAID allow the duplication of information stored on hard drives to prevent data loss in the event of a hardware problem affecting one of them. Level 1 RAID keeps a simple, identical copy (mirror) of a hard drive on another drive, while level 5 RAID splits redundant data over several disks, thus allowing the complete reconstruction of a failing drive. The first step involves creating two partitions of identical size located on two different hard drives, and to label them “physical volume for RAID”. You then need to answer a series of questions about this new device. The first question asks about the RAID level to use, which in our case will be “RAID1”. The second question asks about the number of active devices — two in our case, which is the number of partitions that need to be included in this MD device. The third question is about the number of spare devices — 0; we have not planned any additional disk to take over for a possible defective disk. The last question requires you to choose the partitions for the RAID device — these would be the two that we have set aside for this purpose (make sure you only select the partitions that explicitly mention “raid”). This disk is presented with a single partition which can not be deleted, but whose use we can choose (just like for any other partition). Configuring the Logical Volume Manager (LVM). LVM allows you to create “virtual” partitions that span over several disks.
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